Since the 1960s there has been a continued interest in the substitute biomaterials development for bone, cartilage and cutaneous grafts to perform different human tissue sections repair, to correct post-traumatic or even congenital defects. Although methodologies have been designed to perform efficient autologous grafts, there is a considerable limit regarding the small amount that can be obtained to cover large bone defects, enhancing the development of synthetic osteogenic and antibiotic scaffolds.

In this work we propose the development of biomimetic scaffolds for bone reconstruction, elaborated by sol-gel synthesis coupled to spray drying and template addition, allowing to produce nanostructured systems with faster bioactivity than traditional synthesis process. These scaffolds developed hierarchical porous structures allowing the formation of an interconnected pore network, a critical parameter in the development of new tissue and biomolecules migration. Additionally, the scaffold produced was functionalized by using different collagen type I and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) concentrations to theoretically facilitate the cellular adhesion and stimulate the grown factors production such as vascular endothelial growth factor.

Different analytical techniques were performed to characterize the synthesized material and the hydroxyapatite formation by incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF), involving scanning electron microscope to determine changes in the scaffold surface, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for changes in elemental composition and x-ray diffraction for new phases formation, this techniques resolute most efficient hydroxyapatite production, different hydroxyapatite morphologies dependent of the surface biomolecules, such as columns in the collagen-functionalized scaffolds or agglomerated spheres in the cholecalciferol-functionalized scaffolds, covering the entire surface at day two after immersion in SBF.